无底柱分段崩落法开采崩落矿岩散体流动特性试验研究

董秋平; 李翠; 张良兵; 杨承业; 马志伟; 徐继业; 李杰林

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.05.021

无底柱分段崩落法开采崩落矿岩散体流动特性试验研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.05.021

1.
攀钢集团矿业有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617000
2.
中南大学资源与安全工程学院, 湖南长沙 410083

详细信息

作者简介:
董秋平，1987年出生，男，云南宾川人，工程师，主要从事地质与采矿技术工作，E-mail：471150874@qq.com

通讯作者:
李杰林，1982年出生，男，湖南宁远人，副教授，主要从事金属矿山开采技术研究，E-mail：lijielin@163.com

中图分类号: TD853
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- 文章访问数: 60
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-21
- 录用日期: 2025-02-28
- 修回日期: 2025-02-22
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-30

Research on the flow characteristics of fragmented ore and rock in the non-pillar sublevel caving method

1.
Pangang Group Mining Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China

摘要

摘要: 崩落矿岩散体流动规律是影响无底柱分段崩落法中矿石损失率和贫化率的关键因素之一。基于攀西地区某地下矿崩落法开采特征，采用达孔量法开展了矿岩散体放出体形态测定试验，并结合Particle flow code in 2 dimension（PFC2D）颗粒流软件进行了数值模拟，分析散体流动特征及其对贫化损失率的影响。结果表明：数值模拟与室内试验得到的放出体形态基本吻合，均呈现良好的椭球体发育特征；贫化损失率较高的主要原因是放出体的顶部、前方和两侧的废石混入。基于此，提出了优化放矿口布置形式的改进建议，为矿山提高回收率提供了理论依据。
- 崩落法 /
- 放矿规律 /
- 离散元 /
- 相似试验 /
- 贫化率
Abstract: The flow behavior of rock and ore debris is one of the critical factors affecting the ore loss rate and dilution rate in the sublevel caving method. Based on the mining characteristics of an underground mine in the Panxi region, the shape of drawn-out body of rock and ore debris was determined using the hole volume measurement method, and numerical simulations were conducted with the "Particle flow code in 2 dimension (PFC2D) " software. The flow characteristics of the debris and their impact on the dilution and loss rates were analyzed. Results indicate that the drawn-out body of ore obtained from both numerical simulation and laboratory testing are largely consistent, exhibiting well-defined ellipsoidal development features. The primary cause of high dilution and loss rates is the incorporation of waste rock at the top, front, and sides of the drawn-out body of ore. Based on these findings, recommendations for optimizing the layout of the ore drawing openings were proposed, providing a theoretical foundation to enhance recovery rates at the mine.
- caving method /
- ore drawing law /
- discrete element method /
- similarity test /
- dilution rate

HTML全文

图 1 矿山无底柱分段崩落法开采

(a) 无底柱分段崩落法示意；(b)地表冒落区域；(c)废石混入

Figure 1. Non-pillar sublevel caving method in the mine

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 相似模型试验装置制作

(a)相似模型; (b)标志物颗粒定位

Figure 2. Fabrication of similar model test equipment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 达孔量统计与放出体拟合

(a) 0°; (b) 22.5°; (c) 45°; (d) 67.5°; (e) 90°; (f) 112.5°; (g) 135°; (h) 157.5°; (i) 180°; (j) 放出体拟合

Figure 3. Statistics of the amount of reaching holes and fitting of the drawn-out body of ore

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 放出漏斗形态

(a)正面视图; (b)顶部俯视图

Figure 4. Shape of the drawing funnel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 散体出矿区域

Figure 5. Fragmented ore drawing area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 自然安息角参数标定

Figure 6. Calibration of the parameter of the angle of repose

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图 7 放矿数值模拟过程

(a)放矿模型; (b)矿石放出

Figure 7. Numerical analysis model of ore drawing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 放矿数值分析结果

(a)散体位移; (b)放出体形态; (c)松动体形态

Figure 8. Results of numerical analysis on ore drawing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 放矿口交错布置

Figure 9. Staggered arrangement of ore drawing openings

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验散体颗粒级配表

Table 1. Gradation table of fragmented particles in the experiment %

0～50 mm	0～100 mm	100～200 mm	200～300 mm	300～400 mm	400～500 mm	>500 mm
9.97	28.37	32.67	10.74	6.44	3.05	8.76

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 数值分析参数

Table 2. Numerical analysis parameters

Normal stiffness ×10⁻⁸/ (N·m⁻¹)		Tangential stiffness ×10⁻⁸/ (N·m⁻¹)		Friction coefficient		Rolling resistance coefficient of sphere	Density of sphere/(kg·m^-3)
Wall	Sphere	wall	Sphere	Friction coefficient		Rolling resistance coefficient of sphere	Density of sphere/(kg·m^-3)
1	1	1	1	0.5	0.15	0.5	3782

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表 3 放出体形态特征拟合参数

Table 3. Fitting parameters of morphological characteristics of the drawn-out body of ore

Parameter	Laboratory test	Numerical analysis	Percentage error/%
k	0.297	0.283	4.71
α	1.347	1.408	4.53
β	0.131	0.137	4.58
α₁	1.462	1.489	1.85
β₁	0.289	0.296	2.42

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