Hot deformation behavior and processing maps of wrought TC21 titanium alloy
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摘要: 采用热模拟试验机开展了高温热变形试验，得到锻态TC21钛合金在850～1 100 ℃、应变速率0.001～10 s−1变形参数下的应力应变曲线，分析了压应力状态下，变形温度和应变速率对流变应力的影响，基于Arrhenius双曲正弦函数建立了本构关系，绘制了0.1～0.6不同应变下的热加工图，总结出锻态合金热变形的参数范围。结果表明：变形参数对流变应力的影响较大，当变形温度升高时，流变应力降低，当应变速率降低时，流变应力降低；两相区和单相区变形激活能分别为770.86 kJ/mol和261.00 kJ/mol；随着应变量增加，热加工图中失稳区逐渐扩大，合适的热加工区域为变形温度900～1 100 ℃，应变速率0.005～0.153 s−1。试验结果可为TC21合金热加工工艺参数制定提供理论支撑。Abstract: The high-temperature thermal deformation test was carried out by thermal simulation testing machine, and the stress-strain curves of wrought TC21 titanium alloy at temperature 850-1100℃ and strain rate 0.001-10 s−1 were obtained. The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the flow stress in the compressive stress state were analyzed, and the intrinsic relationship was established based on the Arrhenius hyperbolic sinusoidal function. The thermal processing diagrams under different true strains from 0.1 to 0.6 were plotted, so that the range of parameters suitable for thermal deformation of wrought alloys was summarized. The results indicate that the flow stress of wrought TC21 alloy is greatly affected by deformation parameters, which decreases with the increase of deformation temperature and increases with the increase of strain rate. The activation energy of TC21 alloy in the α+β two-phase region and β single-phase region is 770.86 kJ/mol and 261.00 kJ/mol, respectively. As true strain increases the destabilization zone becomes larger in the thermal processing map and the suitable hot working region is deformation temperature of 900-1100℃, and strain rate of 0.005-0.153 s−1. The test results can provide theoretical support for the formulation of TC21 alloy hot working parameters.
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Key words:
- TC21 titanium alloy /
- hot deformation /
- constitutive equations /
- thermal processing map
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图 2 不同变形条件下TC21真应力-真应变曲线
Figure 2. True stress-strain curves of TC21 alloy under different deformation conditions
(a)$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $=0.001 s−1；(b)$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $=0.01 s−1；(c)$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $=0.1 s−1；(d)$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $=1 s−1；(e)$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $=10 s−1
图 3 变形温度(a)和应变速率(b)对峰值应力的影响
Figure 3. Effect of deformation temperature (a) and strain rate (b) on peak stress
图 4 850~950 ℃不同参数之间关系
Figure 4. Relationship between different parameters in the range of 850-950 ℃
(a) ln$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $-lnσ；(b) ln$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $-σ；(c) ln$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $-ln(sinh(ασ))；(d) ln(sinh(ασ))-1/T
图 5 1 000~1 100 ℃不同参数之间关系
Figure 5. Relationship between different parameters in the range of 1000-1100 ℃
(a) ln$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $-lnσ；(b) ln$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $-σ；(c) ln$ \mathop \varepsilon \limits^ \cdot $-ln(sinh(ασ))；(d) ln(sinh(ασ))-1/T
图 6 lnZ-ln(sinh(ασ))关系图
Figure 6. Relationship between lnZ-ln(sinh(ασ))
(a) 850～950 ℃；(b) 1 000～1 100 ℃
图 7 TC21钛合金不同应变下的热加工图
Figure 7. Thermal processing maps of TC21 alloy at different strains
(a) ε=0.1；(b) ε=0.2；(c) ε=0.3；(d) ε=0.4；(e) ε=0.5；(f) ε=0.6
图 8 TC21钛合金不同变形条件下微观组织
Figure 8. Microstructures of TC21 alloy compressed under different hot deformation conditions
(a) 850 ℃，1 s−1；(b) 950 ℃，0.1 s−1；(c) 950 ℃，1 s−1；(b) 1 000 ℃，0.001 s−1
表 1 TC21合金的实测化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of TC21 alloy
% Al Sn Zr Mo Nb Cr Ti 6.20 2.03 2.02 2.91 1.96 1.52 Bal. 
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