Research on hot spinning and pressure forming technology of TC4 titanium alloy gas cylinders
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摘要: 通过数值仿真方法构建了TC4钛合金气瓶热旋压成形的数值仿真模型，并通过试验验证了该模型的可靠性。在热模拟试验中，以0.1、1、10 s−1三种应变速率为条件，详细探究了TC4材料在700～
1000 ℃下的流变应力分布。综合数值仿真分析，深入研究了成形温度、主轴转速、进给速度等关键工艺参数对TC4钛合金成形的影响，并最终制定了气瓶热旋压成形工艺。通过多道次TC4钛合金热旋压成形试验，进一步验证了所提出工艺的可行性，为TC4钛合金气瓶的制造提供了科学而可行的技术路线。Abstract: This study employs numerical simulation methods to construct a simulation model of the hot spinning and pressure forming of TC4 titanium alloy gas cylinders, and the reliability of the model is verified through experimental validation. In thermal simulation experiments conducted at three strain rates of 0.1, 1 s−1 and 10 s−1, the rheological stress distribution of TC4 material at temperatures ranging from 700 ℃ to1000 ℃ is extensively investigated. Through comprehensive numerical simulation analysis, the study delves into the influence of key process parameters such as forming temperature, spindle speed, and feed rate on the shaping of TC4 titanium alloy. Ultimately, a thermal spinning and pressure forming process for gas cylinders is formulated. The feasibility of the proposed process is further validated through multiple iterations of TC4 titanium alloy hot spinning and pressure forming experiments. This research provides a scientifically sound and viable technological pathway for the manufacturing of TC4 titanium alloy gas cylinders.-
Key words:
- spinning and pressure forming /
- TC4 /
- numerical simulation /
- titanium alloy
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图 1 钛合金热旋压成形示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of titanium alloy hot spinning and pressure forming
（a）物理模型；（b）有限元模型
图 2 TC4钛合金在不同应变速率和不同温度下的应力-应变曲线
（a）速率0.01 s−1；（b）速率1 s−1；（c）速率10 s−1
Figure 2. Stress-strain curves of TC4 titanium alloy at different strain rates and temperatures
图 3 旋压模具示意
（a）分体式旋压夹具；（b）专用旋轮
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of spinning and pressure forming die
图 4 TC4钛合金气瓶管坯及成形道次轨迹示意
（a）旋压试验用TC4管坯；（b）成形轨迹设计
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of TC4 titanium alloy gas cylinder blank and forming pass trajectory
图 5 不同温度下的应力应变云图分布
（a）700 ℃应力分布；（b）800 ℃应力分布；（c）900 ℃应力分布；（d）700 ℃应变分布；（e）800 ℃应变分布；（f）900 ℃应变分布
Figure 5. Distribution of stress-strain cloud maps at different temperatures
图 6 不同主轴转速下的应力应变云图分布
（a）250 r/min应力分布；（b）300 r/min应力分布；（c）400 r/min应力分布；（d）250 r/min应变分布；（e）300 r/min应变分布； (f）400 r/min应变分布
Figure 6. Distribution of stress-strain cloud maps at different spindle speeds
图 7 不同进给速度下的应力应变云图分布
（a）6 mm/s应力分布；（b）12 mm/s应力分布；（c）20 mm/s应力分布；（d）6 mm/s应变分布；（e）12 mm/s应变分布；（f）20 mm/s应变分布
Figure 7. Distribution of stress-strain cloud maps at different feed rates
图 8 不同温度、主轴转速、进给速度对成形力的影响
（a）不同温度；（b）不同主轴转速；（c）不同进给速度
Figure 8. Influence of different temperatures, spindle speeds, and feed rates on forming force
图 9 TC4钛合金气瓶热旋压成形试验
（a）加热；（b）成形
Figure 9. Experimental of TC4 titanium alloy gas cylinder hot spinning and pressure forming
图 10 TC4钛合金气瓶热旋压成形试验结果
（a）气瓶外观；（b）气瓶剖切；（c）仿真测量结果；（d）试验测量结果
Figure 10. Experimental results of TC4 titanium alloy gas cylinder hot spinning and pressure forming
表 1 TC4材料力学性能
Table 1. Mechanical properties of TC4
屈服强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 伸长率/% 泊松比 弹性模量/MPa 密度/（t·mm−3） 928 1103 15.5 0.34 110000 4.5×10−9 
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表 2 TC4钛合金气瓶热旋压成形工艺参数
Table 2. Process Parameters for Hot Spinning and Pressure Forming of TC4 Titanium Alloy Gas Cylinders
主轴转速/(r·min−1） 进给道次/次 加热方式 进给速度/（mm·s−1） 道次进给量/mm 加热温度/℃ 250～400 7 火焰 5～8 2 700～900
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