SLM工艺参数及酸洗处理对TC4钛合金多孔结构影响研究

王政伦; 刘永胜; 李炜

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.008

SLM工艺参数及酸洗处理对TC4钛合金多孔结构影响研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.008

王政伦^1,,
刘永胜^{2, 3},
李炜^1, ,

1.
西南交通大学材料先进技术教育部重点实验室, 四川成都 611630
2.
钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 四川攀枝花 617000
3.
成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司, 四川成都 610300

基金项目: 钒钛资源综合利用产业技术创新战略联盟协同研发项目资助；3D打印多孔钛合金骨科植入物创成与骨再生机制研究（四川省重点项目，编号：2018JY0552)。

详细信息

作者简介:
王政伦，1999年出生，男，四川成都人，博士生，研究方向为医疗器械设计与制造，E-mail：1119694802@qq.com

通讯作者:
李炜，1969年出生，女，四川成都人，教授，主要从事材料表面工程、零部件服役性能研究，E-mail: liweijiani@home.swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TF823
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-20
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-06

Effect of SLM process parameters and pickling treatment on the porous structure of TC4 titanium alloy

WANG Zhenglun^1
,,
LIU Yongsheng^{2, 3},
LI Wei^{1
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611630, Sichuan, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
3.
Chengdu Advanced Metal Materials Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610300, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 基于TC4钛合金三周期极小曲面（TPMS）多孔结构和激光功率P、扫描速度v及扫描间距h水平差异设计三因素三水平正交试验，一方面通过极差和方差分析研究激光选区熔化制造（SLM）工艺参数对TC4钛合金多孔结构尺寸精度、质量和力学强度的影响规律；另一方面对钛合金多孔结构进行HF酸洗处理，研究酸洗工艺对多孔结构参数和力学性能的影响。结果表明：TPMS多孔结构的实体尺寸和质量与SLM工艺能量密度E呈正相关；TPMS多孔结构的力学强度受SLM工艺参数影响较小，优化SLM工艺参数应以3D打印多孔结构尺寸、质量精度控制为主导；酸洗处理可以改善TPMS多孔结构表面粗糙度，提高结构尺寸、质量精度；此外，酸洗处理促使TPMS多孔结构的弹性模量更接近天然松质骨的力学性能。
- SLM工艺参数 /
- TC4合金 /
- TPMS多孔结构 /
- 酸洗 /
- 尺寸精度 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Based on the three-period minimal surface (TPMS) porous structure of TC4 titanium alloy and the horizontal differences of laser power P, scanning speed v and scanning distance h, a three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was designed. On the one hand, the influences of laser selective melting manufacturing (SLM) process parameters on the dimensional accuracy, mass and mechanical strength of TC4 titanium alloy porous structure were studied through range and variance analysis. On the other hand, the porous structure of titanium alloy was treated by HF pickling, the influences of pickling process on the parameters and mechanical properties of porous structure was studied. The results show that the physical size and mass of TPMS porous structure are positively correlated with the energy density E of SLM process. The mechanical strength of TPMS porous structure is less affected by SLM process parameters, and the optimization of SLM process parameters should be based on the accuracy control of size and mass parameters of 3D printed porous structure. Pickling treatment can improve the surface roughness of TPMS porous structure, enhance the size and mass accuracy of TPMS porous structure. In addition, pickling treatment makes the elastic modulus of TPMS porous structure closer to the mechanical properties of natural cancellous bone.
- SLM process parameters /
- TC4 alloy /
- TPMS porous structure /
- pickling /
- dimensional accuracy /
- mechanical property

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图 1 钛合金粉末

(a)TC4粉末形貌； (b)TC4粉末粒径分布

Figure 1. TC4 alloy powder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 TPMS多孔三维模型

(a)多孔结构模型； (b)多孔俯视图； (c)多孔结构尺寸

Figure 2. 3D model of TPMS scaffold

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 能量密度对TPMS多孔样品尺寸/质量影响

Figure 3. Effect of different energy density on size/mass of TPMS scaffolds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 能量密度对TPMS多孔样品力学强度影响

Figure 4. Effect of different energy density on mechanical properties of TPMS scaffolds

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 酸洗对TPMS多孔结构表面粗糙度影响

(a) 样品⑤表面粗糙度; (b) 样品⑤酸洗表面粗糙度; (c)样品⑧表面粗糙度; (d)样品⑧酸洗表面粗糙

Figure 5. Influence of pickling on surface roughness of TPMS porous structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 酸洗前后TPMS多孔样品尺寸/质量对比

Figure 6. Comparison of size/mass of TPMS porous samples before and after pickling

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 酸洗前后TPMS多孔结构压缩曲线对比

Figure 7. Comparison of compression curves of TPMS porous structure after pickling

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 TC4合金粉末主要成分

Table 1. Main components of TC4 alloy powder %

Al	V	Fe	C	N	H	O	Ti
6.0700	3.9600	0.0360	0.0060	0.0240	0.0025	0.0760	Bal.

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表 2 SLM工艺参数水平表

Table 2. Level table of SLM processing parameters

工艺水平	扫描速度v /（mm·s⁻¹）	激光功率P /W	扫描间距h /mm
1	1000	150	0.1
2	1250	200	0.14
3	1500	250	0.18

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表 3 SLM工艺参数正交试验因素水平表

Table 3. Orthogonal test factor level table of SLM processing parameters

样品编号	扫描速度v /（mm·s⁻¹）	激光功率P /W	扫描间距h /mm	能量密度E /（J·mm⁻³）
①	1000	150	0.1	50
②	1000	200	0.14	47.6
③	1000	250	0.18	46.3
④	1250	150	0.14	28.6
⑤	1250	200	0.18	29.6
⑥	1250	250	0.1	66.7
⑦	1500	150	0.18	18.5
⑧	1500	200	0.1	44.4
⑨	1500	250	0.14	39.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 多孔样品尺寸/质量正交试验结果统计表

Table 4. Statistics of orthogonal test results of size/mass of scaffolds

统计项	工艺水平	扫描速度v-测量参数			激光功率P-测量参数			扫描间距h-测量参数
统计项	工艺水平	壁厚/µm	孔径/µm	质量/g	壁厚/µm	孔径/µm	质量/g	壁厚/µm	孔径/µm	质量/g
K	1	1128.48	2026.64	2.070	1090.39	2059.16	2.061	1116.26	2033.06	2.067
	2	1094.25	2054.63	2.071	1105.58	2043.09	2.067	1101.25	2051.44	2.070
	3	1077.71	2067.74	2.062	1104.47	2046.77	2.076	1082.93	2064.52	2.066
Kavg	1	376.16	675.55	0.690	363.46	686.39	0.687	372.09	677.69	0.689
	2	364.75	684.88	0.690	368.53	681.03	0.689	367.08	683.81	0.690
	3	359.24	689.25	0.687	368.16	682.26	0.692	360.98	688.17	0.689
最佳水平		3	3	3	1	2	1	3	3	3
极值R		16.92	13.70	0.003	5.06	5.36	0.005	11.11	10.49	0.001
F检验		36.58	15.88	2.07	3.91	2.56	4.16	15.20	9.00	0.30
显著性		***	***	ns	*	ns	*	***	**	ns
水平数量		3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
样品重复数		3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
表注：K为单一工艺参数变量同水平下所有样品测量结果总和，Kavg为K值除以样品数的均值，最佳水平根据优化原则选取，极值R为各不同水平Kavg间的最大差值。显著性评价：*为p<0.001、为0.001<p<0.01、*为0.01<p<0.05、ns为p>0.05。

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表 5 多孔样品尺寸/质量试验因素的交互效应

Table 5. Interaction effect of test factors of porous sample in size/mass

交互项	壁厚	孔径	质量
扫描速度*激光功率	***	***	ns
扫描速度*扫描间距	*	ns	*
激光功率*扫描间距	***	***	ns
扫描速度激光功率扫描间距	ns	**	ns
显著性评价：*为p<0.001、为0.001<p<0.01、*为0.01<p<0.05、ns为p>0.05。

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 多孔样品力学强度正交试验结果统计

Table 6. Statistics of orthogonal test results of mechanical properties of TPMS scaffolds

统计项	工艺水平	扫描速度v-力学强度		激光功率P-力学强度		扫描间距h-力学强度
统计项	工艺水平	屈服强度/MPa	极限强度/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	极限强度/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	极限强度/MPa
K	1	129.25	130.69	128.23	131.10	128.41	131.79
	2	130.13	132.79	129.06	131.84	128.46	131.33
	3	129.37	131.55	128.55	132.09	128.97	131.91
Kavg	1	43.08	43.56	42.74	43.70	42.80	43.93
	2	43.38	44.26	43.02	43.95	42.82	43.78
	3	43.12	43.85	42.85	44.03	42.99	43.97
最佳水平		2	2	2	3	3	3
极值R		0.29	0.41	0.28	0.33	0.19	0.20
F检验		2.03	3.53	0.32	0.84	0.18	0.31
显著性		ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
水平数量		3	3	3	3	3	3
样品重复数		3	3	3	3	3	3
表注：K为单一工艺参数变量同水平下所有样品测量结果总和，Kavg为K值除以样品数的均值，最佳水平根据优化原则选取，极值R为各不同水平Kavg间的最大差值。显著性评价：*为p<0.001、为0.001<p<0.01、*为0.01<p<0.05、ns为p>0.05。

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SLM工艺参数及酸洗处理对TC4钛合金多孔结构影响研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.008

作者简介:
王政伦，1999年出生，男，四川成都人，博士生，研究方向为医疗器械设计与制造，E-mail：1119694802@qq.com

通讯作者:
李炜，1969年出生，女，四川成都人，教授，主要从事材料表面工程、零部件服役性能研究，E-mail: liweijiani@home.swjtu.edu.cn

计量

Effect of SLM process parameters and pickling treatment on the porous structure of TC4 titanium alloy

计量

目录

留言板

SLM工艺参数及酸洗处理对TC4钛合金多孔结构影响研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.008

作者简介: 王政伦，1999年出生，男，四川成都人，博士生，研究方向为医疗器械设计与制造，E-mail：1119694802@qq.com

通讯作者: 李炜，1969年出生，女，四川成都人，教授，主要从事材料表面工程、零部件服役性能研究，E-mail: liweijiani@home.swjtu.edu.cn

计量

出版历程

Effect of SLM process parameters and pickling treatment on the porous structure of TC4 titanium alloy

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
王政伦，1999年出生，男，四川成都人，博士生，研究方向为医疗器械设计与制造，E-mail：1119694802@qq.com

通讯作者:
李炜，1969年出生，女，四川成都人，教授，主要从事材料表面工程、零部件服役性能研究，E-mail: liweijiani@home.swjtu.edu.cn