V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>粉末真空铝热法制备AlV55合金的研究

张苏新; 常福增; 祁健; 张娜

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.005

V₂O₃粉末真空铝热法制备AlV55合金的研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.005

承德钒钛新材料有限公司, 河北承德067102

基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划资助项目（编号：20311008D）；承德市可持续发展示范区专项（编号：202302F011）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张苏新，1984年出生，男，山东单县人，硕士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事钒钛新材料研究工作，E-mail：zhsx455@126.com

中图分类号: TF841.3,TG146.4
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-06

Preparation of VAl55 alloy by vacuum aluminothermy with V ₂O₃ powder

Chengde Vanadium and Titanium New Materials Co., Ltd., Chengde 067102, Hebei, China

摘要

摘要: 以V₂O₃和Al粉为原料，真空铝热还原法制备AlV55合金，利用热力学软件和差热分析法对铝热法制备钒铝合金的过程进行了分析，结果表明：热力学计算常温下铝热还原反应可将V₂O₃一步还原为V；实际还原过程为分步进行，开始温度为749 ℃，且属于液-固反应范畴；单位热效应为2239.65 J/g，绝热燃烧温度为1728.7 ℃。研究了真空加热过程中保温温度和造渣剂氧化钙加入量对钒收率的影响，当保温温度超过1650 ℃时，钒铝合金的钒收率可达到95%左右，钒铝合金锭无裂隙和氧化膜，钒铝合金的成品率显著提升。此外，还确定了CaO/Al₂O₃比值对炉渣粘度的影响，当造渣剂用量超过22.5%时，渣金的分离效果显著提升。
- 钒铝合金 /
- 铝热还原 /
- 造渣剂
Abstract: Using V₂O₃ and Al powder as raw materials, AlV55 alloy was prepared by vacuum aluminothermic reduction method. The process of preparing vanadium-aluminum alloy by aluminothermic method was analyzed using thermodynamic software and differential thermal analysis method. The results showed that the thermodynamic calculation of aluminothermic reduction reaction at room temperature can reduce V₂O₃ to V in one step. The actual reduction process is carried out in stages, with a starting temperature of 749 ℃, belonging to the category of liquid-solid reactions. The unit thermal effect is 2239.65 J/g, and the adiabatic combustion temperature is 1728.7 ℃. The effects of insulation temperature and the amount of slag forming agent calcium oxide added during vacuum heating on vanadium yield were studied. When the insulation temperature exceeded 1650 ℃, the vanadium yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy could reach about 95%. The vanadium-aluminum alloy ingot had no cracks or oxide film, and the yield of vanadium-aluminum alloy was significantly improved. In addition, the influence of CaO/Al₂O₃ ratio on slag viscosity was also determined. When the amount of slag forming agent exceeded 22.5%, the separation effect of slag and metal was significantly improved.
- vanadium-aluminum alloy /
- thermite reduction /
- slag-forming agent

HTML全文

图 1 钒铝合金的生产工艺流程及设备示意

(a) 工艺流程；(b)设备示意

Figure 1. Process of AlV alloy production and equipment diagram

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图 2 吉布置斯自由能与温度的关系

Figure 2. Relationship between Gibbs free energy and temperature

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图 3 差热分析结果

Figure 3. Results of differential thermal analysis

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图 4 不同品位钒铝的密度和熔化温度的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between density and dissolution temperature of AlV of different grades

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图 5 温度对合金收率的影响

Figure 5. Effect of temperature on alloy yield

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图 6 钒铝合金渣相图

造渣剂占比：(a)17.5%；(b) 20%； (c) 22.5%；(d) 25%

Figure 6. Phase diagram of vanadium-aluminum alloy slag

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图 7 钒铝合金锭

（a）传统生产工艺；（b）真空铝热法

Figure 7. Digital photos of vanadium-aluminum alloy ingot

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图 8 钒铝合金SEM图和EDS结果

Figure 8. SEM and EDS results of vanadium-aluminum alloy

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表 1 试验原料的主要化学成分

Table 1. Main chemical components of experimental raw materials %

原料 Fe Si Al C TV Ca

V₂O₃ 0.127 0.016 0.060 0.015 65.3
铝粉 0.07 0.05 99.75
氧化钙 0.075 0.132 0.050 0.008 71.51

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表 2 热力学参数的计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of thermodynamic parameters

△G$ _{298}^{{\theta}} $/(kJ·mol⁻¹) q/(J·g⁻¹) T_ad/ ℃

−435.75 2239.65 1728.70

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