Microstructure and friction and wear properties of titanium modified layer of preset TiCuZnSn by FSP
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摘要: 为了获得表面综合性能良好的生物医用钛金属，在TA2纯钛表面预置等物质的量的Ti、Cu、Zn、Sn金属粉末，采用搅拌摩擦加工技术对纯钛进行表面改性。通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、电子背散射衍射对钛表面改性层微观组织进行观察和分析，利用纳米压痕、摩擦磨损试验测试改性层机械性能。结果表明：搅拌摩擦加工技术可获得内部无缺陷、与TA2纯钛基体结合良好的表面改性TiCuZnSn合金层，改性层最大深度约2.5 mm；合金元素Cu、Zn、Sn提高了改性层的杨氏模量和硬度，特别是对改性层硬度的提升效果更显著；TiCuZnSn改性层对TA2钛摩擦系数的影响不显著，但改性层的平均磨损率会大幅降低，与TA2钛相比，TiCuZnSn表面改性层平均磨损率降低约28.95%。
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关键词:
- 钛 /
- 表面改性 /
- TiCuZnSn合金层 /
- 搅拌摩擦加工 /
- 摩擦磨损
Abstract: In order to obtain the biomedical titanium metal with good surface comprehensive properties, the equimolar Ti, Cu, Zn and Sn metal powders were preset on the surface of TA2 pure titanium, and the surface of pure titanium was modified by friction stir processing (FSP). The microstructure of the modified layer was observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and electron back scattering diffraction, and the mechanical properties of the modified layer were tested by nano-indentation and friction and wear tests. The results show that the TiCuZnSn modified layer with no internal defects and good combination with titanium matrix could be obtained by FSP, and the maximum depth of the modified layer is about 2.5 mm. Alloying elements Cu, Zn and Sn could improve the Young’s modulus and hardness of the modified layer, especially the hardness of the modified layer. The TiCuZnSn modified layer has no significant effect on the friction coefficient of TA2 titanium, but the average wear rate of the modified layer is significantly reduced. Compared with TA2 titanium, the average wear rate of the surface modified layer is reduced by about 28.95%.-
Key words:
- titanium /
- surface modification /
- TiCuZnSn alloy layer /
- friction stir processing /
- friction and wear
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图 1 钛FSP表面改性示意（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of titanium surface modification by FSP
图 3 钛表面改性层面扫描
(a) 背散射电子图像；(b) Ti元素分布；(c) Cu元素分布；(d) Zn元素分布；(e) Sn元素分布；(f) 合金元素含量
Figure 3. Map-scanning of titanium modified layer
图 4 TiCuZnSn合金层不同区域微观组织
(a) 图2中区域1；(b) 图2中区域2；(c) 图2中区域3；(d) 图2中区域4
Figure 4. Microstructure of different regions of TiCuZnSn alloy layer
图 5 钛表面改性层不同区域晶粒
(a) 改性层宏观形貌；(b) 搅拌区；(c) 过渡区；(d) 热影响区；(e) 钛母材
Figure 5. The grain in different zones of titanium modified layer
图 6 改性层不同微区纳米压痕测试结果
(a) 改性层背散射电子图像；(b) 位移-载荷曲线
Figure 6. Nano-indentation test results of different micro areas of modified layer
图 7 不同试样摩擦时间-摩擦因数曲线
Figure 7. Friction time-coefficient curves of the different samples
图 8 摩擦磨损试样表面形貌
(a) 纯钛低倍磨损形貌；(b) 纯钛高倍磨损形貌；(c) 改性层低倍磨损形貌；(d) 改性层高倍磨损形貌
Figure 8. Surface morphology of friction and wear samples
图 9 摩擦磨损试样面扫描
(a) 二次电子图像；(b) Cu元素分布；(c) Zn元素分布；(d) Sn元素分布
Figure 9. Map-scanning of friction and wear area of samples
表 1 改性层不同微区纳米压痕测试数值
Table 1. Nano-indentation test values of different micro-regions of modified layer
位置 压痕最大深度hmax/nm 简约杨氏模量Er/GPa 纳米压痕硬度H/GPa J 2545.7965 272.9590 4.4357 K 2981.7511 242.8243 3.1678 
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